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Thermal, combustion, and emission characterization of tallow biodiesel–butanol–diesel ternary blends: insights from performance and calorimetric analysis in compression–ignition engines
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DOI：10.1007/s10973-026-16086-y.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The current research work provides an extensive study on the performance, combustion, and emission features of a CI engine using a ternary mixture of tallow biodiesel, butanol, and diesel as a fuel source. The physical and chemical properties of the fuel mixtures, such as density, viscosity, and flash point, were found to be within the ASTM standards for the use of diesel engines. From all the studied fuels, the D60B20Bu20 fuel exhibited better performance in terms of brake thermal efficiency and reduction in brake specific fuel consumption as compared to conventional diesel fuel. In addition, the tested ternary mixtures provided reduced exhaust gas temperatures because of the presence of butanol having high latent heat of vaporization. The emission tests confirmed the decrease in the emissions of carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, and smoke opacity; however, emissions of nitrogen oxide gases were increased slightly because of elevated combustion temperature. The combustion results proved that the D60B20Bu20 fuel had the highest in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate.
Keywords:
Alternative fuels
Diesel engine
Tallow biodiesel
Butanol
Emissions
Combustion
Brake thermal efficiency
Ternary fuel blends
Journal
IF:
3.1
Papers:
1.8W
Citations:
3.2W
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Cited Papers