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Thermo-mechanical performance, surface characteristics and life cycle assessment of tartaric acid treated kenaf fibers
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DOI：10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109525.png)
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Abstract
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• Kenaf fibers treated with tartaric acid an eco-friendly alternative. • Tartaric acid induced esterification and crosslinking in kenaf fibers. • 5% tartaric acid for 60 min identified as optimal treatment condition. • Excess tartaric acid (>5%) degraded kenaf fibers, reducing its properties. • Tartaric acid treatment showed lower environmental impact than alkali treatment.
Keywords:
kenaf fibers
tartaric acid treatment
esterification
crosslinking
life cycle assessment
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