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Thermo-mechanical simulation of friction stir welding (FSW) via fractal-based CFD approach
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DOI：10.1080/01694243.2026.2674177.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The increasing focus on frictional heat flow in friction stir welding (FSW) has intensified the need to understand microscale heat generation and its distribution at the tool–workpiece interface. This study investigates the interfacial heat flow behavior between the tool and AA6061-T6 alloy using a three-dimensional, time-dependent fractal-based heat transfer model. Transient heat generation from the tool shoulder and pin was evaluated between 1 and 10 s in 2-second intervals. The maximum temperatures increased from 496 K (t = 1 s) to 680 K (t = 4 s), 802 K (t = 7 s), and 889 K (t = 10 s), while the overall system maintained a minimum temperature of 300 K. The peak interface temperature reached 907 K beneath the tool shoulder, and the maximum surface temperature of the plate approached 896–912 K depending on time and location. Streamline analysis revealed directional conductive heat flux from the pin region toward the surrounding plate areas, illustrating the spatial evolution of heat flow. These quantitative results provide enhanced insight into thermal gradients during FSW and support improved material selection for tools and workpieces.
Keywords:
Friction stir welding
frictional heat flow
fractal heat transfer model
streamline heat flux visualization
Journal
J
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3.7
Papers:
340
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6.8K
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