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TOP-IMPLART accelerator: development toward a user facility
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DOI：10.1140/epjs/s11734-026-02167-4.png)
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Abstract
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Terapia Oncologica con Protoni-Intensity Modulated Proton Linear Accelerator for RadioTherapy (TOP-IMPLART) is an radio frequency (RF) pulsed linear accelerator developed at the ENEA Frascati Research Center as a prototype of a proton therapy system based on a “full linear” layout. Proton beams with energies between 1 and 6 MeV and between 63 and 71 MeV are currently available for experimentation. Presently, due to the growing interest in proton beams with characteristics similar to those available from TOP-IMPLART in different fields of application, a strong effort is addressed to evolve the prototype towards a facility available for research and industrial users. This paper describes the setup, the tools employed to monitor the parameters of interest (dose, fluence, and flux) and the experimental results of the beam characterization measurements. An overview of the different applications of the facility is also presented, ranging from the bio-medical field including radiobiology studies for the investigation of FLASH therapy mechanisms up to the aerospace sector for studying the effects of radiation exposure on biological systems and electronic components.