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Total Variation Regularized GRACE(-FO) Inversion

delete2026-05-23
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G
Geethu Jacob *
S
Srinivas Bettadpur
H
Himanshu Save
P
Peter Nagel
F
F. Wang
DOI:10.1029/2025JB032065delete
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Abstract

Abstract

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Gravity estimation from satellite-satellite tracking missions such as GRACE(-FO) is an ill-posed inverse problem. The conventional approach to regularized inversion of GRACE(-FO) measurements uses L 2 ${L}_{2}$ -Tikhonov regularization with a heuristic constraint matrix derived based on knowledge of spatiotemporal distribution of the signal/noise. We present Total Variation (TV) regularization as an alternative approach, that is, effective for GRACE(-FO) inversion without the need for heuristic constraint matrices. We use an iterative regularization strategy to limit the signal loss due to regularization bias. The resulting solutions compare well with the L 2 ${L}_{2}$ -Tikhonov mascons from UTCSR/JPL estimated with more elaborate constraint design. The TV-derived trends over Greenland agree with the UTCSR mascon trends to within 4 Gt/yr and with the JPL trends to within 11 Gt/yr. The TV solution timeseries shows good agreement with the UTCSR/JPL mascons at large hydrological basins with less than 2% difference in the annual amplitude recovered over the Amazon and the Ganges basins. The TV solutions are derived without the use of explicit spatial constraints, and require no operator-knowledge of the distribution of the signal/noise features in the data, and reflect the inherent information content within the observations.
Keywords:
time variable gravity
regularization
total variation
inverse problem
ill-posedness
GRACE(-FO)
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journal of geophysical research: solid earth
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the university of texas at austin
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