Toward secure program execution in multi-tenant cloud FPGA environments

Tian Chen

doi:10.1007/s11227-025-07340-5

Toward secure program execution in multi-tenant cloud FPGA environments

2025-05-21

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DOI：10.1007/s11227-025-07340-5

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Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly utilized in cloud computing due to their reconfigurability and ability to accelerate tasks such as machine learning and cryptography. However, multi-tenancy, where multiple users share FPGA resources, introduces significant security challenges. This paper analyzes both traditional and FPGA-specific attacks, including side-channel, covert-channel, and fault injection attacks, which exploit shared resources to compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Countermeasures, encompassing preventive and runtime approaches, are reviewed to address these threats, emphasizing the need for a multi-layered security strategy. Although multi-tenancy in FPGA cloud servers has yet to be widely adopted, this paper provides critical insights into securing future multi-tenant FPGA infrastructures, ensuring the safe and efficient use of FPGA resources in cloud environments.

Keywords:

Multi-tenancy

Security

Attacks

Countermeasures

Toward secure program execution in multi-tenant cloud FPGA environments

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