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Towards a sustainable groundwater extraction: analysis of pumping-induced deformations in viscoelastic soil containing gas bubbles
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DOI：10.1016/j.compgeo.2026.108485.png)
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Abstract
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Sustainable groundwater use is crucial for ensuring long-term access to clean drinking water, preserving ecosystems, and maintaining agricultural productivity for future generations. However, extracting groundwater causes land subsidence and damages nearby foundations. In particular, gas bubbles in sediment, commonly found in coastal areas, significantly alter soil properties and complicate pumping processes. To address these issues in the context of sustainable and safe use of groundwater, this study investigates the pumping-induced deformation of viscoelastic soil with gas bubbles. A new seepage equation is derived, incorporating the compressibility of discrete gas bubbles and the viscoelastic properties of the soil skeleton. The extended precise integration method (XPIM), along with integral transforms, is employed to solve the governing equation. To validate the XPIM solution, detailed comparisons are made with analytical solutions. Parametric examples are conducted to analyze the influence of saturation degree and sediment skeleton model on the behavior of gas bubble-containing soil. Additionally, deformation analysis along depth is discussed. These findings demonstrate that XPIM is suitable for tackling mixed-boundary problems with complex equations. Moreover, the XPIM solution can effectively predict the long-term consolidation and creep processes of soils containing discrete gas bubbles or voids within a continuous aqueous phase in soil pores. The findings of this study shed light on the sustainable extraction of groundwater.
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