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Transforming blood-derived episignatures into cell-type-agnostic classifiers: A shortcut to prenatal episignatures

delete2026-07-23
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PRE
AI
N
Nikola Reko
A
Arteen Torabi‐Marashi
P
Prajkta Kallurkar
S
Sarah J. Goodman
Z
Zain Awamleh
A
Andrei L. Turinsky
D
Daria Grafodatskaya
B
Bianca Russell
K
Karen Chong
J
Jung Min Ko
E
Ebba Alkhunaizi
D
D C Chitayat
E
Elena Greenfeld
S
Stephen W. Scherer
M
M. Elizabeth McCready
R
Rosanna Weksberg *
S
Sanaa Choufani
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2026.06.017delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
DNA methylation (DNAm) episignatures are stable disorder-specific epigenetic patterns that serve as valuable biomarkers for assessing variant pathogenicity and phenotypic outcomes in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, episignatures derived from whole blood are inherently tissue- and cell-type specific, limiting their applicability in prenatal diagnostics. To explore the feasibility of developing episignatures capable of informing variant pathogenicity across tissues and developmental stages, we conducted a proof-of-concept study using Down syndrome, a common NDD caused by trisomy 21 (T21). We generated a blood-derived T21 episignature using a large cohort of 266 samples. Next, we used that episignature and publicly available DNAm data for 850 T21 and control samples across six different pre- and postnatal tissues to train machine-learning models, thereby enabling accurate prediction of T21 status across all tested tissues. Notably, our results show that models trained on postnatal blood-derived signatures as well as other tissues can generate cell-type-agnostic disease-specific patterns. This method also supported integrating well-characterized postnatal episignatures with a limited set of prenatal samples, which generated an episignature capable of accurately classifying prenatal samples. This approach forges a path for cross-tissue DNAm biomarker development and lays the groundwork for a workflow to rapidly integrate episignatures into prenatal diagnostics.
Keywords:
episignatures
DNA methylation signatures
prenatal diagnostics
trisomy 21
machine learning
Down syndrome
neurodevelopmental disorders
tissue-agnostic classifier

Journal

American Journal of Human Genetics cover
American Journal of Human Genetics
IF:
8.1
Papers:
7.2K
Citations:
3.7W

Organization

S
seoul national university
Scholars:
5.3K
Papers: 2.0K
Citations: 0
T
The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute
Scholars:
65
Papers: 26
Citations: 0
M
mcmaster university
Scholars:
4.8K
Papers: 2.0K
Citations: 0
U
University of California
Scholars:
7.3K
Papers: 2.8K
Citations: 8.3W
T
The Hospital for Sick Children
Scholars:
1.1K
Papers: 373
Citations: 1
U
university of toronto
Scholars:
14.5W
Papers: 11.9W
Citations: 165
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