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Transitional strategy for food waste management in Hong Kong: Towards 2035 scenarios using prospective life cycle assessment
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DOI：10.1016/j.resconrec.2026.109093.png)
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Abstract
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Food waste (FW) is a critical global challenge, requiring urgent and effective management strategies to mitigate its environmental impact. This study uses a scenario-based partial prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) framework to systematically evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of diverse FW treatment technologies in Hong Kong, namely landfilling, incineration, anaerobic digestion (AD), and biorefinery under current and future conditions (2025, 2030, 2035). Incineration currently offers the greatest environmental benefit, reducing global warming potential (GWP) by 660.6 kg CO₂ eq per tonne FW. However, Food TranSmarter shifts AD’s GWP from 58.1 to -720.4 kg CO₂ eq per tonne FW. By 2035, the incineration-biorefinery integration (scenario S3) generally showed stronger environmental performance across the selected impact categories, particularly in climate- and toxicity-related impacts, whereas the AD-biorefinery integration (scenario S2) provided a resource-oriented alternative with advantages in several air- and water-related indicators . These insights support policy and industry decisions for sustainable FW management and advance sustainable resource recovery.
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