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Trending ileal microbiome dysbiosis over time as an early assessment of intestinal transplant rejection risk
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DOI：10.1016/j.ajt.2026.07.007.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Rejection is a barrier to intestinal transplantation (ITx). ITx rejection may be associated with changes in the ileal microbiome. We sought to analyze whether shifts in the microbiome were associated with intestinal transplant rejection. Ileal effluent samples were collected from ITx patients (n = 8) with multiple samples taken from each patient at times of no (n = 83), mild (n = 39), or moderate (n = 3) rejection, Crohn’s disease (n = 20), and noninflamed control patients (n = 25). Ileal microbiota were quantified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared to nontransplant samples (noninflamed control, Crohn’s disease), ITx samples had lower alpha diversity (Shannon and Chao1, P < .001) and different beta diversity (Bray-Curtis, P < .005). Beta diversity differed between samples with and without rejection (P = .002). Differential abundance analyses showed enrichment of pathogenic taxa and depletion of commensals in ITx rejection samples. ITx rejection is associated with ileal microbiome dysbiosis, which is a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Keywords:
intestinal transplantation
microbiome
alpha diversity
beta diversity
rejection
Crohn's disease
relative abundance
CD
Crohn’s disease
IRB
institutional review board
ITx
intestinal transplant
NC
noninflamed control
POD
postoperative day
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