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Tunable anion transport and the chemical transistor effect in functionalized graphene oxide membranes
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DOI：10.1038/s41699-025-00585-x.png)
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Abstract
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Selective anion transport is essential for energy conversion, water purification, and electrochemical systems, yet achieving precise ion selectivity in membranes remains a challenge. Here, we present an amino-functionalized graphene oxide (am-GO) membrane that enables tunable anion transport through nanochannels. Using a combined experimental and computational approach, we consider the three stages of ionic transport—absorption, diffusion, and desorption—to reveal that Cl− selectively diffuses through nanochannels, while NO3−, SO42−, and PO43− are excluded. In ionic mixtures, the chemical transistor effect emerges, where Cl− pulls water from NO3− hydration shell, enhancing its mobility, while SO42− and PO43− remain excluded due to size constraints. This mechanism enables precisely regulated Cl− and NO3− transport, with ultrahigh rejection rates of 99.99% for SO42− and PO43−, even in complex ionic environments. The am-GO exhibits stability and anion-hopping mechanisms, making it a versatile platform for anion exchange membranes in electrolysis, energy storage, and environmental applications.
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