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Twelve-Year Incidence, Causes, and Determinants of Visual Impairment and Visual Improvement in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) Study
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DOI：10.1016/j.xops.2026.101348.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
To determine the 12-year incidence of visual impairment (VI) and visual improvement, as well as associated risk factors, and primary causes of VI, in a multiethnic Asian population.
Keywords:
Visual impairment
Visual improvement
Incidence
Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED)
Population-based
AMD
Age-related macular degeneration
ANOVA
Analysis of variance
BCVA
Best-corrected visual acuity
BMI
Body mass index
CI
Confidence interval
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI
Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
CVD
Cardiovascular disease
DM
Diabetes mellitus
eGFR
Estimated glomerular filtration rate
HbA1c
Glycated hemoglobin
KDOQI
Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
PAF
Population attributable fraction
PVA
Presenting visual acuity
RAAB
Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness
SEED
Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases
SMES
Singapore Malay Eye Study
SINDI
Singapore Indian Eye Study
SCES
Singapore Chinese Eye Study
SGD
Singapore dollar
US
United States
VI
Visual impairment
VA
Visual acuity
WHO
World Health Organization
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