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Two–fluid CFL strange quark stars with scalar dark matter: Critical mass and mass–gap implications
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DOI：10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117576.png)
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Abstract
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We investigate the structure of strange quark stars (SQSs) in the color–flavor–locked (CFL) phase in the presence of scalar bosonic dark matter within a two–fluid formalism. The quark matter equation of state (EOS) is obtained from perturbative QCD, incorporating the latest Particle Data Group values for the running coupling and strange quark mass, while the dark matter component is modeled as a self-interacting Bose–Einstein condensate. By considering different dark matter masses and varying the pairing gap Δ and the central dark matter pressure fraction fr, we analyze the impact of dark matter on the structural properties of SQSs, including the maximum gravitational mass MTOV, the ratio of dark matter to strange-quark-matter radii RDM/RSQM, and the dimensionless tidal deformability Λ. We further examine the compatibility of the resulting mass–radius relations with the recent NICER measurements of compact stars. Within the parameter space considered in this study, we find that MTOV exhibits a non-monotonic dependence on the dark matter mass, with a critical value beyond which MTOV decreases. We also show that some pure CFL strange quark star configurations, particularly those associated with very stiff EOSs and larger maximum masses, may not simultaneously remain compatible with the Λ range inferred from GW170817 while occupying the lower mass–gap region. In contrast, the inclusion of dark matter allows two-fluid CFL strange quark star configurations to reproduce the observed properties of massive compact objects in the lower mass–gap region, such as the secondary component of GW190814, while remaining qualitatively compatible with the Λ range inferred from GW170817. We note, however, that the GW170817 constraints were originally inferred within single-fluid compact-star frameworks and therefore provide only qualitative guidance for the present two-fluid halo configurations. Our results suggest that exotic compact-star configurations may populate part of the conventionally defined lower mass–gap region.
Keywords:
Dark matter
Strange quark stars
Perturbative QCD
Critical mass of dark matter
Tidal deformability
Equation of state
Bose–Einstein condensation
Color superconductivity
Mass–gap,
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