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Two-Stage Beamforming Method Based on Equivalent Subarray Architecture
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DOI：10.1109/lcomm.2026.3717805.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Direct-to-cell (D2C) services via non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite networks constitute a critical element of the integrated space-air-ground framework in 6G. However, the low receive gain of handheld terminals necessitates large-scale satellite antenna arrays to support broadband communications. To mitigate the resulting hardware and computational complexity from such expansion, this letter proposes a subarray-based phased array architecture and a two-stage beamforming method. The approach first computes beam gain attenuation factors for each subarray based on the beam direction, reducing the original array to an equivalent subarray architecture. Beamforming parameters are then derived using a weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) criterion, followed by recovery of the amplitude and phase for each individual element. Simulations show that the proposed method significantly reduces computational complexity for large arrays while maintaining high system capacity, and is adaptable to various subarray geometries.
Keywords:
Beamforming
NGSO
direct-to-cell
satellite communications