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Two-stage copula-driven, structure-aware gene selection for single-cell analysis

delete2025-12-02
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Sumanta Ray
S
Snehalika Lall *
S
Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay *
DOI:10.1016/j.array.2025.100623delete
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Abstract

Abstract

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Single-cell RNA sequencing data are inherently sparse due to low starting RNA quantities and limited per-cell sequencing depth. This sparsity, combined with substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity (arising from differences in cell cycle stage, cellular morphology, and reagent conditions) and pervasive technical noise, makes the selection of informative genes for downstream clustering extremely challenging. Copula-based modeling provides a powerful means to capture complex dependencies in such high-dimensional, sparse data. Motivated by these challenges, we propose a two-stage Structure-Aware, Copula-Guided Feature Selection (SCopFS) method for single-cell analysis. In the first stage, SCopFS employs a structure-aware sampling strategy via locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) to identify a suboptimal subset of highly relevant genes. In the second stage, it refines this subset using a copula-based multivariate dependency measure with iterative forward selection to ensure minimal redundancy. The resulting approach can identify stable and informative gene sets even in small scRNA-seq datasets while preserving intrinsic gene–gene dependency structures. By retaining expression information across a large number of genes, SCopFS outperforms state-of-the-art feature selection methods in downstream clustering tasks.
Keywords:
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)
Feature selection
Copula
Locality-sensitive hashing (LSH)
Unsupervised learning
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Array
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