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Typhoon-induced ocean wave noise as a natural source for passive MASW: Insights from DAS observations
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DOI：10.1016/j.pce.2026.104416.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Ambient seismic noise has become an important tool for passive subsurface imaging, enabling the extraction of surface wave information without the need for active sources. However, the frequency content and spatial distribution of noise sources significantly influence imaging resolution and reliability. This study investigates the effect of typhoon-induced ambient noise on extracted surface wave characteristics and its implications for the passive multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). In this study, a 1-km distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array was deployed along Taiwan's west coast to record continuous seismic data before, during, and after the passage of Typhoon Gaemi. Ambient noise interferometry was used to reconstruct virtual shot gathers and extract dispersion spectra at hourly and daily scales. The results show that, during the typhoon's closest approach, low-frequency energy (below 2 Hz) was significantly enhanced, with the minimum observable frequency decreasing from 2 to 0.7 Hz, which increased the maximum extractable surface-wave wavelength from 140 f 2 to 923 f 39 m. This corresponds to an increase in the potential imaging depth from 70 f 1 to 461 f 20 m. However, this enhancement was observed only when the ocean wave direction aligned with the DAS array, highlighting the importance of wavefield directionality in ambient noise interferometry. These findings from this case study demonstrate that intense wave activity, such as that generated by Typhoon Gaemi, has the potential to provide a natural source of low-frequency seismic energy and thus improve the depth penetration of passive MASW in coastal environments.
Keywords:
Distributed acoustic sensing
MASW
Seismic interferometry
Typhoon
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