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Uncovering Hidden Threats: A Format-Driven Approach to DSP Instruction Set Vulnerability Discovery
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DOI：10.1016/j.cose.2025.104811.png)
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Abstract
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With the widespread application of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) in critical areas, hidden instructions have become a significant threat to system security. Maliciously exploiting these instructions may lead to information leaks, data tampering, or system crashes. This paper proposed an efficient search method based on the instruction format to address the security issue of DSP hidden instructions. By establishing an instruction database, this method analyzes the instruction format, designs an efficient instruction generation strategy, and applies precise disassembly techniques, significantly reducing the instruction search space and effectively identifying hidden instructions. Experiments conducted on TI's DSP processors TMS320C6678 and TMS320F28335 have shown that this method successfully identified hidden instructions, demonstrating its effectiveness and practicality. The test results indicate that hidden instructions could lead to unexpected modifications of microprocessor registers or memory data, system resets, or even system crashes, exposing potential security risks in the DSP instruction set. The findings of this study offer an efficient search approach for hidden instructions and demonstrate the critical need for comprehensive security evaluation of DSP instruction sets in safety-critical applications.
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