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Uneven access to essential services and amenities: Geographic disparities in ‘third place’ availability across the United States from 2010 to 2021
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DOI：10.1016/j.healthplace.2025.103583.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• Third places are important for population health. • All categories of third places experienced widespread closures from 2019 to 2021. • Availability of third places varies by sociodemographic and rural-urban settings. • Patterns of decline in third place availability vary by category of social infrastructure. • Findings highlight policy needs for more equitable access to social infrastructure.
Keywords:
Social infrastructure
Geographic disparities
Race
Education
Rural status
Neighborhoods and health
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