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Unexpected solidification cracking behavior in yttrium-modified Hastelloy-X superalloy fabricated by direct energy deposition
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DOI：10.1016/j.jmst.2025.12.039.png)
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Abstract
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• Yttrium doping enhances yield strength but increases solidification cracking susceptibility in directed energy deposition (DED) fabricated Hastelloy-X. • Multi-scale characterizations reveal yttrium (Y) exists as Y2O3 or segregates at grain boundaries, altering segregation behavior. • Y segregation displaces molybdenum (Mo) at grain boundaries, promoting Mo-rich M6C carbide precipitation and crack formation. • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm Y lowers grain boundary energy but intensifies cracking through preferential segregation.
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