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Unifying Decoherence and Phase Evolution in Mixed Quantum–Classical Dynamics through Exact Factorization
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5c03981.png)
Abstract
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We propose mixed quantum–classical equations of motion that unify electronic coherence and phase evolution simultaneously within the exact factorization framework. Our derivation shows that incorporating the second-order electron–nuclear correlation terms from the exact coupled time-dependent Schrödinger equations is essential to recover both correct phase dynamics and complete electronic (de)coherence, including their effect on nuclear forces. Benchmark calculations on one- and two-dimensional model systems confirm that the approach accurately captures key nonadiabatic features. The equations therefore provide a rigorous first-principles foundation for mixed quantum–classical description of coupled electron–nuclear dynamics, bringing electronic coherence and phase evolution─long treated through separate heuristic corrections─into a single unified and systematically derived framework.
Keywords:
Algorithms
Computational chemistry
Energy levels
Molecular dynamics
Quantum mechanics
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