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Unlocking high-capacity aqueous copper-sulfur batteries via nitrogen-incorporated MXene with enhanced kinetics and structural stability
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DOI：10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148977.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Aqueous copper-sulfur (Cu-S) batteries are promising for large-scale energy storage due to their high theoretical capacity, multielectron redox chemistry, and intrinsic safety. However, their practical application is hindered by sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics, polysulfide shuttling, and electrode degradation during cycling. Here we construct a high-performance aqueous Cu-S battery based on a two-dimensional nitrogen-incorporated MXene (Ti3CN) as the host for sulfur cathode. Nitrogen incorporation endows Ti3CN with superior electronic conductivity and intrinsic sulfophilic properties, enabling abundant thiophilic surface groups to anchor polysulfides via chemisorption and the layered architecture to buffer volume expansion. The result shows that the S@Ti3CN cathode delivers an exceptional initial discharge capacity of 1744.3 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1) and maintains nearly 100% capacity retention over 100 cycles at 0.5 A g(-1). In situ Raman and XRD analyses reveal a reversible two-step conversion pathway (S-8 -> CuS -> Cu1.95S) in S@Ti3CN cathode, where intrinsic copper vacancies in final discharge products (Cu1.95S) enhance reaction kinetics. Kinetic studies demonstrate a mixed diffusion-capacitive control mechanism, with the layered Ti3CN architecture facilitating rapid Cu2+ migration. Besides, a decoupled S-CuSO4||Zn-ZnSO4 cell is constructed to address the limited output voltage, achieving an operating voltage of similar to 1.2 V and a reversible capacity of 1188.4 mAh g(-1). This work establishes Ti3CN MXene as a multifunctional sulfur host that stabilizes interfaces, enhances kinetics, and accommodates volume changes, offering a new paradigm for durable high-energy aqueous multivalent metal-sulfur batteries.
Keywords:
Aqueous copper-sulfur batteries
Sulfur host
Ti3CN MXene
Reaction kinetics
Reversible conversion
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12.6W
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