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Unshielded Magnetorelaxometry of Nanogram-Scale Magnetic Particles With an YIG-Based Gradientometer System
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DOI：10.1109/TIM.2026.3654700.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This work presents a novel yttrium-iron garnet (YIG)-based gradientometer system specifically designed for high-performance magnetorelaxometry (MRX) applications. The two-channel impedance-based YIG (IM-YIG) sensor achieves an exceptional magnetic field sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10~\text {pT}/\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> combined with ultrafast (less than 1 ms) dead time, enabling precise measurement of rapid magnetic particle relaxation dynamics. The gradiometric configuration provides effective common-mode interference rejection while maintaining a wide dynamic range essential for MRX studies. The developed system demonstrates several key advantages over traditional approaches: it operates at room temperature without requiring cryogenic infrastructure or complex optical components, significantly simplifying experimental setups while improving measurement stability, and works without magnetic shielded environment. Comprehensive testing with magnetic particle samples verified the system’s capability to reliably detect relaxation signals corresponding to iron masses as low as 50 ng. Furthermore, the analysis of baseline stability suggests potential for even lower detection limits through optimized signal processing. The system’s robust performance and simplified architecture make it particularly suitable for deployment in resource-constrained environments, where conventional SQUID or OPM systems would be impractical.
Keywords:
Baseline analysis
gradientometer configuration
magnetic field sensor
magnetic particle characterization
magnetorelaxometry (MRX)
multiexponential analysis
pseudo-spectra of the signal
room-temperature magnetometry
solid-state magnetometer
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5.9
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1.9W
Citations:
5.8W
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