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Unveiling clean two-dimensional discrete time crystals on a digital quantum computer
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DOI：10.1038/s41534-026-01193-3.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Periodically driven (Floquet) many-body systems tend to absorb energy and approach an infinite-temperature state, yet can host emergent order such as discrete time crystals (DTCs). Here we realise a clean two-dimensional DTC and an incommensurately modulated DTC (IM-DTC) on the IBM Quantum Heron processor, a 133-qubit superconducting device with heavy-hexagonal connectivity, implementing a kicked Ising model and tracking magnetisation dynamics for up to 100 Floquet cycles. We observe robust period-doubling oscillations that persist over the accessible time window and are stable against perturbations of the transverse field, without invoking disorder-induced many-body localisation or high-frequency Floquet prethermalisation. Introducing a longitudinal field generates additional long-period amplitude modulations with frequencies incommensurate with the drive, realising an IM-DTC response. Comparison with state-vector and tensor-network simulations benchmarks the hardware and reveals regimes where entanglement growth makes classical simulation challenging, underscoring the utility of gate-based quantum processors for out-of-equilibrium dynamics in two dimensions.
Keywords:
Materials science
Physics
general
Quantum Physics
Quantum Information Technology
Spintronics
Quantum Computing
Quantum Field Theories
String Theory
Classical and Quantum Gravitation
Relativity Theory
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