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Urban mobility burden and opportunity: linking mobility exposure, travel experience, and life satisfaction using longitudinal mobility data
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DOI：10.1007/s11116-026-10798-8.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Understanding how everyday mobility relates to subjective well-being remains an important issue in urban and transport research. This study examines the relationship between mobility exposure, travel experience, and life satisfaction through the integrative analytical lens of Urban Mobility Burden and Opportunity (UMBO). Using a combination of survey data and passive mobility tracking from Google Maps Timeline, this study analyzes the mobility patterns of 693 urban youth, most of whom were university students, with several senior high school students also included in the sample. The dataset includes 441,649 observed trips recorded over a longitudinal observation period of more than 150 days. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed to examine the relationships among mobility exposure variables, including distance, in-vehicle travel time, and daily trip frequency; travel experience variables, including travel stress, time pressure, social connectedness, and travel satisfaction; and life satisfaction. The results provide partial support for the UMBO framework. The burden pathway is clearly reflected in the associations between mobility exposure, Travel Stress, Time Pressure, Travel Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction. The opportunity pathway is mainly reflected in the positive association between Daily Trips and Travel Satisfaction, while the expected pathway from Social Connectedness to Travel Satisfaction was not statistically supported. Notably, higher daily trip frequency is associated with greater Travel Satisfaction and indirectly with higher Life Satisfaction, suggesting that more frequent short trips may reflect greater activity participation rather than increased mobility burden. These findings highlight the importance of considering travel experiences when evaluating the relationship between urban mobility and well-being, particularly in rapidly motorizing Global South contexts where public transport provision is limited and daily mobility remains strongly dependent on motorized individual travel.
Keywords:
Urban mobility
Travel satisfaction
Life satisfaction
Mobility exposure
Travel stress
Social connectedness
Longitudinal mobility data
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