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Valorization of olive pomace into gadolinium-modified biochar for phosphate removal from wastewater
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DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109500.png)
Abstract
En 中文
• Gd-biochar synthesized via impregnation/co-pyrolysis from olive pomace waste. • Surface area increased ∼20-fold after Gd incorporation. • PO43− removal of 70–90% maintained in the presence of competing ions. • Remarkable PO43− removal (98%) achieved in real municipal wastewater. • Inner/outer-sphere complexation dominates the PO43− adsorption mechanism.
Keywords:
Olive pomace waste
Gadolinium
Municipal wastewater
Biochar
Phosphate
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