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Value generalization in human avoidance learning
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DOI：10.7554/eLife.34779.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Generalization during aversive decision-making allows us to avoid a broad range of potential threats following experience with a limited set of exemplars. However, overgeneralization, resulting in excessive and inappropriate avoidance, has been implicated in a variety of psychological disorders. Here, we use reinforcement learning modelling to dissect out different contributions to the generalization of instrumental avoidance in two groups of human volunteers (N = 26, N = 482). We found that generalization of avoidance could be parsed into perceptual and value-based processes, and further, that value-based generalization could be subdivided into that relating to aversive and neutral feedback - with corresponding circuits including primary sensory cortex, anterior insula, amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Further, generalization from aversive, but not neutral, feedback was associated with self-reported anxiety and intrusive thoughts. These results reveal a set of distinct mechanisms that mediate generalization in avoidance learning, and show how specific individual differences within them can yield anxiety.
Keywords:
FEAR GENERALIZATION
STIMULUS-GENERALIZATION
BEHAVIORAL-EXPERIMENTS
ANXIETY DISORDER
PRIMATE AMYGDALA
AUDITORY-CORTEX
NEURONAL BASIS
DISCRIMINATION
MEMORY
OVERGENERALIZATION