Variance Preserving Spectral Subsampling

doi:10.3390/a19010025

Variance Preserving Spectral Subsampling

2025-12-25

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DOI：10.3390/a19010025

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Generating statistically faithful short-duration gamma-ray spectra from a single long measurement is essential in nuclear safeguards, supporting tasks such as algorithm development and machine-learning applications, especially when list-mode data are unavailable. Existing subsampling methods often distort the statistical characteristics of genuine short-duration measurements, leading to biased or unreliable analytical outcomes and thereby undermining downstream tasks. In this work, we compare five subsampling approaches using a benchmark set of 156 genuine replicate spectra collected with a high-purity germanium detector. We evaluate each method with respect to run-to-run variance, channel-to-channel variance, and preservation of total counts (losslessness). Across a wide range of subsampling ratios, only binomial subsampling without replacement consistently reproduces the statistical properties of genuine short-duration spectra, maintaining proper dispersion even in sparse spectral regions and perfectly preserving total counts. These results provide a mathematically principled and practically validated framework for generating synthetically shortened spectra when true short-duration measurements are unavailable.

Keywords:

gamma spectroscopy

non-destructive assay

nuclear safeguards

spectral subsampling

Variance Preserving Spectral Subsampling

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