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Vertical-axis wind turbines: From energy capture mechanisms towards farm-level optimization
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DOI：10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.102035.png)
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Abstract
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• Establishes a multi-scale framework linking single VAWT design to farm-level performance. • Systematically analyzes key parameters (airfoil, TSR, solidity) for efficiency optimization. • Identifies dynamic stall and vortex shedding as core challenges for energy capture. • Reviews wake effects and optimal array layouts (e.g., staggered, 5–10D spacing).• Highlights future research needs for integrated design and efficient farm models.
Keywords:
VAWT
Vertical axis wind turbine
HAWT
Horizontal axis wind turbine
AR
Aspect ratio
AoA
Angle of attack
NACA
National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
CFD
Computational Fluid Dynamics
LEV
Leading-edge vortex
PIV
Particle image velocimetry
LES
Large-Eddy Simulation
HWA
Hot-wire anemometers
ALM
Actuator Line Method
Vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT)
Wind energy capture
Structural optimization
Layout optimization
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