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Vertical Unsaturated Flow Governs Storm Runoff Responses: Observational and Theoretical Foundations

delete2026-07-08
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M
Makoto Tani *
R
Roy C. Sidle
T
Takahiro Sayama
Y
Yuki Matsushi
N
Nagahiro Kojima
DOI:10.1002/hyp.70627delete
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Abstract

Abstract

En 中文
The old water paradox is difficult to resolve based on the traditional runoff mechanism consisting of a downslope flow system that includes overland and subsurface flows. Our observations and theoretical studies revealed that rainfall-runoff responses are governed by vertical unsaturated flow augmenting shallow groundwater that is subsequentially drained by rapid preferential flow. This mechanism explains the physical basis for runoff-storage relationship models and enables the evaluation of the sensitivity of peak runoff rates to soil properties and soil-layer depth. This commentary discusses the development of preferential flow pathways from a geomorphologic perspective and provides information for developing calibration-free, physically-based runoff models in which parameters can be estimated from measurable field indicators.
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Journal

Hydrological Processes cover
Hydrological Processes
IF:
2.9
Papers:
614
Citations:
2.2W

Organization

L
lake biwa environmental research institute
Scholars:
7
Papers: 5
Citations: 0
T
tateya
Scholars:
2
Papers: 1
Citations: 0
K
kyoto university
Scholars:
6.6K
Papers: 2.7K
Citations: 0
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