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Volcanic-glacier deluge predicted with laser irradiation on icy rock
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DOI：10.1016/j.jrmge.2026.05.035.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Subglacial volcanic activities provide critical insights into surface deluges, eruption tendencies, glacier dynamics, and climate change. While existing studies primarily rely on field investigations, aerial surveying, and analytical modeling, conducting laboratory simulations of volcanic activities remains a significant challenge, particularly for subglacial eruptions. In this study, representative rock samples containing embedded ice blocks were irradiated with a high-energy laser to induce instantaneous melting of the rock matrix, thereby simulating magma-ice interactions under controlled laboratory conditions. The process was monitored using a comprehensive suite of analytical tools. The results demonstrate that laser irradiation of rock masses can successfully reproduce materials similar to natural volcanic ejecta, particularly in glaciated regions. The laboratory-reproduced magma-ice interactions indicate that the presence of glacial ice intensifies the eruption process. Both Pele’s hair and Pele’s tears were successfully generated: rounded tears predominantly formed at the magma-ice interface prior to eruption, whereas Pele’s hair was more prevalent in zones of violent eruption. These findings suggest that the presence of Pele's tears at eruption sites, coupled with magma-induced glacier melting, can serve as a precursor to predict subsequent volcanic deluges.
Keywords:
Magma-ice interaction
Laser irradiation
Glacier outburst flood
Pele’s hair and tears
Thermal-hydro-mechanical response
Geohazard prediction
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