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Wideband HF Ionospheric Channel Evolution Over Distances: Measurement and Statistical Modeling
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DOI：10.1109/lawp.2026.3696384.png)
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Abstract
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This letter investigates the evolution of wideband high-frequency (HF) ionospheric channels through a measurement campaign conducted across three distinct links (1651 km, 2123 km, and 3035 km). Using a universal software radio peripheral architecture, we quantify channel behaviors on both large and small scales with respect to distance. While the large-scale analysis reveals a distance dependence significantly weaker than the theoretical increment of free-space path loss, the small-scale investigation scrutinizes the Rician <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> factor, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, RMS Doppler spread, and the number of clusters to capture the structural transformation of the propagation environment. Furthermore, statistics within clusters are examined to model microscopic scattering details, and the correlation matrix among parameters is derived, providing indispensable inputs for extending the quasi deterministic radio channel generator to include the wideband HF ionospheric scenario.
Keywords:
Channel measurement
channel model
ionospheric propagation
multipath clusters
parameter correlation
wideband high-frequency (WBHF)
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4.8
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