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Wind Tunnel Assessment of Dynamic Induction Control Under Varying Inflow Wind Directions
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DOI：10.1002/we.70125.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Dynamic induction control (DIC), also known as pulse control, is a wake-mixing strategy intended to improve wind farm efficiency by mitigating wake-induced power losses. It typically employs harmonic collective blade pitching to excite wake instabilities, forming coherent pulsing structures that enhance turbulent mixing and accelerate wake recovery. Validation of this concept is primarily limited to fully waked conditions under fixed wind direction, while wind direction in the field is inherently variable. This study investigates the effectiveness of DIC in a closely spaced layout under varying inflow wind directions, considering both static and dynamic wake-impingement scenarios. To this end, wind tunnel experiments are conducted in a three-turbine configuration with a spacing of 2.5 D $$ D $$ , where D $$ D $$ denotes the rotor diameter. An open-loop controller is derived from experiments with fixed wind directions under uniform inflow, considering various combinations of front- and second-row turbine actuation with different pitch amplitudes and frequencies. Optimal pitch setpoints are stored in a look-up table and tested in a dynamic environment using a temporally scaled wind direction time series under both uniform and atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) inflow. Results from fixed wind direction experiments indicate that DIC provides power benefits within a wind direction range of θ W D ∈ [ − 10 ° , 10 ° ] $$ {\theta}_{WD}\in \left[-{10}^{{}^{\circ}},{10}^{{}^{\circ}}\right] $$ , with optimal pitch setpoints remaining invariant for both actuated turbines. Specifically, sole front-row turbine actuation yields power gains of up to 5.7%, while adding second-row turbine actuation boosts these gains by up to 1.9%. Notably, under realistic wind direction variations, open-loop DIC demonstrates consistent wind farm power gains of up to 2.5% within the intended θ W D $$ {\theta}_{WD} $$ control range under both uniform and ABL inflow conditions. Overall, these findings highlight the effectiveness of DIC in a closely spaced layout, particularly at full or close to full wake-impingement conditions. Further research is needed to validate the identified wind direction range and the associated power uplift in wind farm layouts with larger turbine spacings.
Keywords:
active wake mixing
collective blade pitching
dynamic wind direction
experiments
pulse control
wind farm flow control
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