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Wireless technologies in stretchable bioelectronics
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DOI：10.1039/D5TC02191J.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Stretchable bioelectronic devices can intimately interface with the human body; but their potential is often constrained by the need for wired connections or rigid power sources. The integration of wireless power transfer and communication technologies addresses these limitations; enabling fully untethered and conformal operation of bioelectronics on skin; implanted inside the body; or even ingested. This article provides a comprehensive review of the wireless techniques applicable to stretchable bioelectronics and the unique considerations that arise at the intersection of these fields. We outline the principles of wireless power delivery – including inductive; capacitive; radio-frequency; ultrasonic; and optical methods – and wireless data communication strategies suitable for stretchable/deformable devices; such as RFID; NFC; Bluetooth/Wi-Fi/ZigBee and also optical/ultrasonic technologies. Key material selections and fabrication approaches for realizing stretchable circuits with wireless functionality are discussed; with an emphasis on recent advances in stretchable substrates; conductors; and system integration techniques. We then survey a range of application examples in wearable health monitoring; implantable medical devices; and ingestible sensors; highlighting how wireless capabilities enhance the performance and usability of stretchable systems. Finally; we consider the remaining challenges (such as ensuring long-term biointegration; device robustness; and safe energy operation) and present an outlook on future developments in this emerging multidisciplinary field.
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