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Wood Adhesion with high-viscosity methylcelluloses: Influence of degree of polymerization, mass fraction, viscosity, pressure, pressing time and drying time on bonding quality compared to gelatin and PVAc dispersion (Mowilith D50)
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DOI：10.1016/j.culher.2026.03.007.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
This study investigates the potential of ageing-resistant, cohesively strong methylcelluloses (MCs), particularly the long-chain, high-viscosity type A4M, as sustainable wood adhesives for conservation applications in cultural heritage. In light of the challenges posed by historical wooden artifacts - often fragile, degraded, and unsuitable for conventional high-pressure bonding - MCs were evaluated as reversible, conservation-appropriate adhesives. Lime wood lap joints were prepared and tested using the Squeezy device to assess tensile shear strength. The performance of MCs (A15, A4C, A15C, and A4M) was analyzed in relation to their degree of polymerization, mass fraction, and viscosity. Results show that adhesive strength increases with mass fraction to an optimal point before declining, with A4M at 10% concentration yielding the highest performance among MCs. For conservation contexts where minimal intervention is critical, A4M demonstrated effective bonding under low pressure (0.02 N/mm 2), while the absence of pressure significantly weakened adhesion. Pressing times between 10 and 120 min were adequate, though drying required at least 24 h - longer than conventional adhesives, but acceptable in conservation workflows. Compared to conventional adhesives such as gelatin type A (240 Bloom, 20%) and PVAc (Mowilith D50, 50%), which offered higher bond strength at higher concentrations, MCs also offer an alternative due to their lower mass fractions and therefore less conservation material in the lap joint. The introduction of isopropanol reduced adhesion only slightly in MC A4M formulations. Tests on oak wood, representing another historically relevant substrate, showed slightly improved bonding without substrate fractures close to the surface, as occurring in the lime wood test series. These findings highlight MC A4M's viability as a conservation-grade adhesive, particularly for the treatment and stabilization of delicate wooden cultural heritage objects. (c) 2026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Keywords:
Cellulose ether
Polyvinyl acetate
Protein glue
Wood bonding
Adhesive
Tensile test
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3.3
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3.0K
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7.0K
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