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Wood outlasts graphite: revolutionary birch biomass-based carbon anodes for long-life lithium-ion batteries
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DOI：10.1039/D6RA03501A.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Here; we present carbon anode materials derived from birch biomass (BCAM) with hierarchical micro–mesoporous structure; largely amorphous carbon framework and abundant active sites for lithium storage and efficient ion-transport – prepared through phosphoric acid activation followed by high-temperature pyrolysis at 1000 °C. BCAM materials deliver a reversible capacity of 915 mA h g−1 at 1C after 1000 cycles; maintain 412 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 2.5C; and retain 235 mA h g−1 after 5000 cycles at 5C with ca. 100% coulombic efficiency. As for comparison; a cell made with commercial graphite as also tested; the results showed a reversible capacity of 365 mA h g−1 at 1C after 400 cycles; a much lower capacity than that of BCAM anode material. Kinetic analysis indicates a substantial pseudocapacitive contribution; particularly at higher scan rates; which supports fast charge–discharge behavior. In addition; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals low charge-transfer resistance and favorable lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. In total; these birch-derived carbons provide a steppingstone in robust; low-cost; and environmentally benign anode materials; and offer a promising route towards long-life time and sustainable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
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