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Zinc porphyrin photosensitizers incorporated with heavy-atom halogens for in vitro photodynamic therapy
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DOI：10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2026.036.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this study, three halogenated porphyrins were synthesized through the incorporation of heavy atoms (F, Cl, and Br). Subsequently, to enhance their solubility and bioavailability, zinc atoms were introduced via N-pyridylsubstituted alkylation. This approach culminated in the development of three water-soluble, zinc-containing porphyrins (ZnP1-ZnP3), which were employed as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Our findings indicate that ZnP1-ZnP3 can consistently generate singlet oxygen (1O2) at concentrations significantly higher than that of the reference compound, tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), under light irradiation at wavelengths of 600-610 nm. This result is in concordance with the outcomes of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the cytotoxicity profile reveals that the inhibition rate of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is virtually negligible. Furthermore, cell staining or cycle analysis, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) detection experiments collectively demonstrate that light-activated PSs can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and produce ROS, which are instrumental in the eradication of these cells. Under dark conditions, these complexes exhibit negligible cytotoxicity. In contrast, they reliably produce 1O2 under light irradiation. Furthermore, due to the heavy atom effect, bromine-containing ZnP3 achieves the highest in vitro photocytotoxic efficacy among the three photosensitizers.
Keywords:
water-soluble
zinc porphyrins
singlet oxygen
photosensitizers
photodynamic therapy
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