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AI and student motivation: A scoping review
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DOI：10.1080/15391523.2026.2672515.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly shaped education. Past studies have mostly focused on how AI could promote academic achievement, with limited studies delving into the potential of AI in facilitating or undermining student motivation. Motivation, however, is critical as it is a key driver of learning and achievement. Students are unlikely to experience real learning gains if they lack motivation. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review to explore how student motivation was influenced by artificial intelligence in education (AIEd). Five research questions were addressed: (1) the characteristics of the included studies; (2) the motivational factors covered; (3) the theoretical frameworks of the studies; (4) the pedagogical approaches for the utilization of AI; and (5) the temporal patterns of the included studies. A systematic search of literature published between 2003 and 2025 yielded 156 relevant studies. First, most of the studies were conducted in China and the United States, and more than half were conducted in higher education settings. Second, general academic motivation, engagement, and self-efficacy were the most common motivational factors covered in the published studies. Third, the majority of studies did not use any specific motivational framework. Fourth, in terms of pedagogy, most studies did not elucidate the pedagogy they used, but of those that did, game-based learning was the most common. Fifth, most studies used short-term designs with relative paucity of long-term longitudinal studies. We suggest future studies have greater specificity in the motivational constructs examined, cover a broader range of motivational factors, draw on robust theoretical frameworks, and use long-term longitudinal designs. We hope this review can help contribute to more a systematic understanding of the current research landscape on AI and motivation and provide future directions to move the field forward.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence
AI in education
motivation
scoping review
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