COGNITIVE PROCESSING AND COGNITIVE-ABILITY - A MULTIVARIATE VALIDITY INVESTIGATION

doi:10.1016/0160-2896(85)90014-5

1985-04-01

PRE

Daniel P. Keating

Judith A. List

William E. Merriman

DOI：10.1016/0160-2896(85)90014-5

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What are the underlying sources of cognitive ability differences and of cognitive growthQ Recent attention has focused on the experimental isolation of cognitive processing factors in the explanation of performance differences on complex tasks, and a number of research studies show a substantial relation between processing parameters and ability differences. Several validity issues, convergent process measures, differential ability prediction and multiple levels of analysis, have not been addressed empirically, and these concerns are the focus of this study. Sixty 8th graders (30 F [female], 30 M [male] and 60 adults (30 F, 30 M) participated in verbal and spatial assessments, and in 6 experiments over 2 sessions. Three experiments were designed to estimate memory retrieval processing and 3 to estimate mental rotation processing. Two strategy parameters were derived also from these experiments. Within the processing tasks, there was modest convergence for 8th graders but negligible convergence for adults. Relationships between the processing parameters and the ability indices failed substantially to conform to the theoretically predicted convergent/discriminant pattern. Regression analyses also provided support for these disconfirming patterns. The viability of explaining developmental and/or individual differences using cognitive processing variance is explored.