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Pneumatic smart textile actuation
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DOI：10.1016/j.matt.2026.102904.png)
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Abstract
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Textiles are evolving from passive protective materials into active interfaces that can sense, move, and assist the human body. Pneumatic textile actuators (PTAs) represent a promising route toward this transformation by combining the softness, breathability, and wearability of textiles with the safety and high-force capability of pneumatic actuation. This review organizes recent progress in PTAs through a mechanism-centered framework, including textile constraints, pouch guidance, and textile-pouch interaction. By linking these actuation principles with textile materials, manufacturing methods, sensing strategies, and wearable applications, it provides a systematic roadmap for designing PTA-based smart wearables. Current PTA systems have demonstrated potential in haptic feedback, rehabilitation therapy, and physical assistance, but practical deployment remains limited by portability, hysteresis, response speed, and long-term durability. Future advances will likely depend on more efficient chamber designs, programmable textile manufacturing, integrated soft sensing, and compact pneumatic supply systems. In the longer term, PTAs may evolve toward multifunctional, customizable, and environmentally adaptive wearable systems that operate as a dynamic second skin. Such systems could reshape human-machine interaction by enabling garments that not only protect the body but also perceive, respond, and actively support human movement.
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