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Thunderstorm charge structures producing gigantic jets
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DOI：10.1038/s41598-018-36309-z.png)
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Gigantic jets are atmospheric electrical discharges that propagate from the top of thunderclouds to the lower ionosphere. They begin as lightning leaders inside the thundercloud, and the thundercloud charge structure primarily determines if the leader is able to escape upward and form a gigantic jet. No observationally verified studies have been reported on the thundercloud charge structures of the parent storms of gigantic jets. Here we present meteorological observations and lightning simulation results to identify a probable thundercloud charge structure of those storms. The charge structure features a narrow upper charge region that forms near the end of an intense convective pulse. The convective pulse produces strong storm top divergence and turbulence, as indicated by large values of storm top radial velocity differentials and spectrum width. The simulations show the charge structure produces leader trees closely matching observations. This charge structure may occur at brief intervals during a thunderstorm's evolution due to the brief nature of convective pulses, which may explain the rarity of gigantic jets compared to other forms of atmospheric electrical discharges.
Keyword:
RADAR
ELECTRIFICATION
THUNDERCLOUD
TROPOSPHERE
DISCHARGES
TURBULENCE
STEPS
WIDTH
PART
TOP
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IF:
3.9
论文数:
28.3W
被引数:
83.5W
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引用论文
Three-dimensional fractal modeling of intracloud lightning discharge in a New Mexico thunderstorm and comparison with lightning mapping observations新墨西哥州雷暴中云内闪电放电的三维分形建模以及与闪电映射观测的比较
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OAAI分享收藏Quantification of the troposphere-to-ionosphere charge transfer in a gigantic jet.png)
NATURE GEOSCIENCEOAAI
NATURE GEOSCIENCEIF16.1
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