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Challenges and opportunities in mRNA vaccine development against bacteria
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DOI：10.1038/s41564-025-02070-z.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
The global surge in antimicrobial resistance presents a critical threat to public health, emphasizing the urgent need for the development of new and more effective bacterial vaccines. Since the success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic, this vaccine strategy has rapidly advanced, with most efforts focused on cancer immunotherapy and targeting viral pathogens. Recently, mRNA vaccines have entered the early phases of clinical development for bacterial diseases. However, bacteria present greater biological complexity compared with viruses, posing additional challenges for vaccine design, such as antigen selection, immune response and mRNA construct design. Here, we discuss critical aspects in the development of bacterial mRNA vaccines, from antigen selection to construct design. We also highlight the current preclinical landscape and discuss remaining translational challenges and future potential for mRNA vaccines against bacterial infections. This Review reflects on the major challenges in bacterial mRNA vaccine design, provides strategies for tailoring mRNA construct design to promote humoral or cellular immunity, and provides an overview of the translational landscape for mRNA vaccines.
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19.4
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