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Communicative-cognitive activation in primary EFL education: Psychometric evidence on a novel subject-specific student scale
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DOI：10.1016/j.system.2026.104130.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
• We identify subject-specific aspects of cognitive activation in English as a foreign language education at primary level • The data confirm all six theoretically specified subdimensions of communicative-cognitive activation • Fourth-year students were able to distinguish multiple subdimensions of communicative-cognitive activation • Communicative-cognitive activation is related to generic dimensions of instructional quality
Keywords:
cognitive activation
EFL education
early language learning
instructional quality
primary level
scale development
structural equation modeling
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