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Design and Experimental Study of a High-Power <italic>Ka</italic>-Band Folded-Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube
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DOI：10.1109/ted.2026.3706465.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
Given the growing demand for high-power, wideband millimeter-wave sources in next-generation long-range detection and high-resolution imaging systems, this article presents a systematic study aimed at enhancing the performance of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i>-band folded-waveguide (FWG) traveling-wave tubes (TWTs). The proposed TWTs feature a dual-anode grid-controlled electron gun and an integrated solenoid focusing system. Both prototypes operate in pulsed mode, with a duty cycle of 5%. In the prototype, a shortened straight-waveguide FWG (SSW-FWG) slow wave circuit is adopted to increase the phase velocity, enabling stable operation at voltages exceeding 40 kV. Meanwhile, the beam tunnel is enlarged to increase the beam current while maintaining a high beam transmission rate. Based on the experience gained from the SSW-FWG TWT, an asymmetrically bent folded waveguide (AB-FWG) TWT is developed to effectively suppress oscillations induced by higher order modes while further enhancing the output power. Experimental results show that under an operating voltage of 44.9 kV and a beam current of 3.6 A, the AB-FWG TWT achieves a gain exceeding 29.5 dB and an output power above 15 kW over the 33.5–37.5-GHz band, with a maximum power of 16.9 kW at 36 GHz. In addition, the output power exceeds 12 kW over the 33–38-GHz frequency band. The output spectrum remains clean, with no oscillatory phenomenon observed. This study provides practical design guidance and experimental evidence for the development of high-performance <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ka</i>-band vacuum electronic devices.
Keywords:
Folded-waveguide (FWG)
Ka-band
three-section structure
traveling-wave tube (TWT)
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