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Designing Large-Scale Distributed Array Radar Using Identical Subarrays
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DOI：10.1016/j.sigpro.2026.110636.png)
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Abstract
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Distributed array radar (DAR) achieves large-aperture performance by combining small subarrays at different locations, which reducing system burden and manufacturing complexity while meeting low-cost and high-resolution requirements in modern sensing. This paper proposes a 2-dimensional (2D) subarray optimization method for regular DARs with identical subarrays, aiming to minimize beamwidth (BW) and maximum sidelobe level (MSLL) under physical layout constraints. A directional expanded beam pattern (DiEBP) is introduced to reformulate non-analytic optimization objectives into a differentiable form, which enables gradient-descent updates within an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) framework for this non-convex problem, with exponential smoothing and Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) used for stabilization and initialization. Numerical experiments show that, compared with existing algorithms, the proposed method achieves about 10–15% narrower BW and 2 dB lower MSLL on average, along with a reduced Cramér–Rao Bound (CRB). Its effectiveness is further validated through DOA estimation and near-field imaging experiments.
Keywords:
Distributed array radar
Subarray optimization
Beamwidth minimization
Sidelobe level reduction
Directional expanded beam pattern
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