Digitization can stall swarm transport: Commensurability locking in quantized-sensing chains

doi:10.1016/j.physa.2025.131225

Digitization can stall swarm transport: Commensurability locking in quantized-sensing chains

2025-12-18

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DOI：10.1016/j.physa.2025.131225

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We present a minimal model for autonomous robotic swarms in both one-dimensional and higher-dimensional spaces, where identical, field-driven agents interact pairwise to self-organize spacing and independently follow local gradients sensed through quantized digital sensors. We show that the collective response of a multi-agent train amplifies sensitivity to weak gradients beyond what is achievable by a single agent. We discover a fractional transport phenomenon in which, under a uniform gradient, collective motion freezes abruptly whenever the ratio of intra-agent sensor separation to inter-agent spacing satisfies a number-theoretic commensurability condition. This commensurability locking persists even as the number of agents tends to infinity. We find that this condition is exactly solvable on the rationals – a dense subset of real numbers – providing analytic, testable predictions for when transport stalls. Our findings establish a surprising bridge between number theory and emergent transport in swarm robotics, informing design principles with implications for collective migration, analog computation, and even the exploration of number-theoretic structure via physical experimentation.

Digitization can stall swarm transport: Commensurability locking in quantized-sensing chains

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Organization