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Electrothermal-coupled flexible microwave resonant icing sensor Array
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DOI：10.1016/j.mee.2025.112360.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
A flexible microwave resonant electrothermal coupledsensor array has been developed, integrating ice detection via complementary coupled split-ring resonators and electrothermal de-icing, addressing critical icing challenges for drones. This design achieves ice thickness monitoring from 0 to 8 mm with a resolution of ±0.2 mm and features dual-mode heating: 10 watts for anti-icing (25 °C) to prevent ice formation, and 30 watts for de-icing (50 °C), melting 4 mm of ice within 20 s at −21 °C. • Flexible structures suitable for drone integration • Utilizing polyimide (PI) substrates and Ecoflex 00–30 dielectric layers, this approach achieves lightweight construction, stretchability, and conformal deployment on drone surfaces. • Closed-loop thermal management with real-time feedback • Integration of NTC thermistors for temperature monitoring, combined with microwave resonance and electrothermal heating, creates an adaptive system. • Performance breakthroughs over conventional solutions • Increased sensitivity allows detection of 0.1-mm ice layers. Low-power mode reduces operational load for small drones, Integration of ice detection, anti-icing, and de-icing into a single module addresses the issue of separated sensing and heating in traditional systems. • Experimental validation and practical applications • Under conditions ranging from −21 °C to −10 °C, the sensor array demonstrated reliable ice thickness detection capabilities and fully de-iced 4 mm of ice within 20 s.
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