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Enzymatic Construction of Whey Protein-Arabinoxylan Conjugate Particles and Their Regulation on the Stability and Curcumin Delivery Property of High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions
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DOI：10.1007/s11947-026-04517-5.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
In this study, whey protein concentrate (WPC) and arabinoxylan (AX) were conjugated via an ultrasound-assisted enzymatic glycosylation method to form covalent complex particles (hWPC-AX). The structural and physicochemical properties of the resulting conjugate particles were characterized, and their potential as particulate emulsifiers for high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) was systematically evaluated at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% (w/v). Results demonstrated that the hWPC-AX particles exhibited significantly enhanced interfacial adsorption capacity and surface wettability compared to native WPC and heat-aggregated hWPC, facilitating the formation of stable HIPPEs with fine droplet dimensions. The HIPPEs displayed the smallest droplet size, the highest viscoelastic moduli (G′, G″), and the most compact three-dimensional gel network architecture at particle concentration of 2%. These structural features endowed the emulsions with exceptional physical stability and antioxidant activity during prolonged storage and under thermal stress. Instead, a higher particle concentration (3%) resulted in depletion flocculation, compromising interfacial film integrity and reducing emulsion viscoelasticity, thus weakening overall stability. When the particles were employed as emulsifiers to construct HIPPEs, the highest encapsulation efficiency of 93.2% was achieved for 2% hWPC-AX stabilized HIPPEs. Further, in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion experiments revealed that the emulsion system effectively modulated lipid hydrolysis, attaining a free fatty acid release rate of 46%, while significantly enhancing the bioaccessibility of curcumin to 54.6%. These findings demonstrate that the hWPC-AX conjugate particles stabilized HIPPEs represent a versatile carrier for the entrapment and targeted transport of lipophilic bioactive compounds.
Keywords:
Whey protein concentrate
Arabinoxylan
Enzymatic glycosylation
High internal phase Pickering emulsion
Curcumin
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