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Exploring how shared gaze visualizations support remote one-on-one teaching: A mixed method study
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AI
DOI：10.1080/10508406.2025.2469702.png)
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Abstract
En 中文
BackgroundThe COVID pandemic exposed limitations in online learning platforms. This study explores Real-time Shared Gaze Visualizations (SGVs), which use eye-tracking data to restore non-verbal social cues and improve teacher-learner communication. We aim to: (1) identify gaze patterns linked to learning, (2) compare these patterns across visual augmentation conditions, and (3) examine their impact from a teaching perspective.MethodsWe analyze eye-tracking data from 75 learners completing microcontroller-based tasks with instructor support. The activity included an instruction phase and a learner-led practice phase. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to examine learning differences across conditions.FindingsJoint visual attention correlated with learning gains during instruction and with instructors' predictions of learner success in practice. Video analysis revealed three key affordances of SGVs: (1) tracking learners' cognitive states, (2) using gaze as deictic gestures, and (3) providing just-in-time support.ContributionSGVs can enhance remote one-on-one teaching by compensating for missing nonverbal cues. As eye-tracking technology becomes more accessible, SGVs may improve online learning, especially for STEM subjects involving physical objects. Future research should explore their role in learner-led, tangible computing tasks.
Keywords:
JOINT VISUAL-ATTENTION
EYE-MOVEMENTS
EDUCATION
Journal
J
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3.9
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