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Improving the Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Modification of Photoanode Using NiO/TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanofibers
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DOI：10.1109/ted.2026.3706467.png)
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Abstract
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This study investigates the application of hollow sphere (HS) nickel oxide (NiO) integrated into titanium dioxide (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{TiO}}_{{2}}\text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> nanofibers (NFs) as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By incorporating NiO HS into TiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NFs via electrospinning, the resulting photoanode achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.84%, representing a 20.2% improvement compared to pure TiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (4.86%) and an 8%–12% enhancement relative to other NiO/TiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> photoanodes prepared by dip-coating and spin-coating. UV–visible spectroscopy analysis shows a 3.95% increase in visible light absorption, which improves the utilization of photogenerated charge carriers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals a slight increase in charge transfer resistance (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{R}}_{{2}}\text {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared to TiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> NFs, which effectively prolong the electron lifetime by reducing recombination between electrons in the TiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> conduction band and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathrm{I}}_{{3}}^{-}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ions in the electrolyte, as supported by Bode phase plots. The synergistic effects of hollow NiO geometry and nanofibrous morphology not only enhance light harvesting but also significantly improve charge separation and collection. This work demonstrates that well-designed hollow nanostructures can outperform conventional NiO/TiO<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> photoanodes in both efficiency and light management, showing great potential for scalable and high-performance of DSSCs.
Keywords:
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
light harvesting
nanofibers (NFs)
nickel oxide (NiO) hollow spheres (HSs)
titanium dioxide (TiO2)
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3.2
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