Individual solid-state nuclear spin qubits with coherence exceeding seconds

doi:10.1038/s41567-025-03049-7

Individual solid-state nuclear spin qubits with coherence exceeding seconds

2025-10-22

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DOI：10.1038/s41567-025-03049-7

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The ability to coherently control and read out qubits is a crucial requirement for any quantum processor. Individual nuclear spins in solid-state systems have been used as long-lived qubits with control and readout performed using individual electron spin ancilla qubits that can be addressed either electrically or optically. Here we present a platform for quantum information processing, consisting of 183W nuclear spin qubits adjacent to an Er3+ impurity in a CaWO4 crystal coupled to a superconducting resonator. We study two nuclear spin qubits with $${T}_{2}^{* }$$ of 0.8(2) s and 1.2(3) s, and T2 of 3.4(4) s and 4.4(6) s, respectively. The nuclear spin state influences the number of photons emitted after repeated excitation of the Er3+ electron ancilla spin qubit, enabling quantum non-demolition readout using a single microwave photon detector. Using stimulated Raman driving on the coupled electron–nuclear-spin system, we implement all-microwave one- and two-qubit gates on a timescale of a few milliseconds, and prepare a decoherence-protected Bell state. Our results position this platform as a potential route towards quantum processing using nuclear spins. Nuclear spins in solid-state systems can have very long coherence times, which makes them attractive for use as qubits. Now a nuclear spin qubit device has been developed with all-microwave two-qubit control that has important performance benefits.

Keywords:

nuclear spin qubits

coherence time

quantum information processing

superconducting resonator

microwave control

Individual solid-state nuclear spin qubits with coherence exceeding seconds

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